The aim of this chapter is to bring to the fore the historical context in which economic policies and industrial strategies have been carried out in Senegal since independence; the institutional environment and the trade and industry policy reforms elaboration process; the relationship between the social forces and the institutions that inspired the design of such reforms; and the reaction of social and economic players to the implemented measures. After an overview of the various phases of the industrialisation process in Senegal and supporting strategies, the paper analyses the institutional environment in which trade and industrial policies are implemented, and assesses the impact of the latter on Senegal's economic performance. Finally, the prospects and conditions for implementing a successful trade and industry policy in Senegal are discussed.