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TIPS/DPRU/Cornell University Forum 2004: African Development and Poverty Reduction – The Macro-Micro Linkage (54)

Export processing zone expansion in an African country: What are the labour market and gender impacts?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Peter Glick; Francois Roubard
  • Countries and Regions Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa)
This study seeks to understand the labor market (employment and earnings) and gender impacts of the dramatic recent expansion of the export processing zone (the Zone Franche) in urban Madagascar. It is distinguished from most earlier empirical analysis of this subject by its use of micro data collected annually over…
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Credit Demand and Credit Rationing in the Informal Financial Sector in Uganda

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Nathan Okurut; Andrie Schoombee; Servaas van der Berg
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Uganda is one of the few African countries which has experienced quite substantial growth in the period since 1990. Growth of GDP has been estimated at 6.9% per annum for the period 1990-2002, compared to only 2.6% for all African countries and Ugandas own far weaker performance of 2.9% in…
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Capital Flight from South Africa, 1980 to 2000

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Seeraj Mohammed; Kade Finnoff
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Capital flight is a serious problem for South Africa, which if not addressed will continue to impede its ability to deal with structural issues such as high unemployment and concentration of wealth. This paper presents an estimate of the wealth that left South Africa in the form of capital flight…
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Have Labour Market Outcomes Affected Household Structure in South Africa? A Preliminary Descriptive Analysis of Households

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Farah Pirouz
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Recent studies using South African household survey data have questioned the exogeneity of household size and composition from income flows and labour market outcomes. (Maitra and Ray, 2001, and Klasen and Woolard, 2000). Research on unemployment in South Africa has occasionally viewed the household as either an important source of…
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Trade Liberalisation and Regional Integration in SADC: Policy Synergies Assessed in an Industrial Organisation Framework

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Martine Visser; Trudi Hartzenberg
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Trade liberalisation has a significant impact on firm-market dynamics in a regional context. The purpose of this paper is to use an industrial organisation framework, focusing on the analytical units, the firm and the market, to assess the impact of trade liberalisation within the Southern African region, SADC. It is…
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Financial Intermediation and Access to Finance in African Countries South of the Sahara

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Neren Rau
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper describes the status of financial systems for a number of African countries south of the Sahara, identifying various problems that hinder access to finance, especially for the poor, and subsequently those issues that deter economic performance and development. The countries surveyed were selected on the basis of a…
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The Road to Pro-Poor Growth in Zambia

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) James Thurlow;Peter Wobst
  • Countries and Regions Zambia
We thank the Department for International Development (DFID) for funding this research and for providing technical and logistical support during the project. We are grateful to Neil McCulloch from the Institute for Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Sussex for the providing us with the cleaned household surveys that…
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Financial Services and the Informal Economy

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Cally Ardington and Murray Leibbrandt
This paper examines the impact of formality of employment on the utilisation of financial services, using data from the October 2000 Income and Expenditure Survey and the September 2000 Labour Force Survey. The presence of an employed member in the household is seen to be important for the utilisation of…
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The Missing Links Uganda's Economic Reforms and Pro-Poor Growth

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Robert Kappel, Jann Lay and Susan Steiner
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This article illustrates changing growth regimes in Uganda from pro-poor growth in the 1990s to growth without poverty reduction, actually even a slight increase in poverty, after 2000. Not surprisingly, we find that good agricultural performance is the key determinant of direct pro-poor growth in the 1990s as well as…
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Impact of HIV/AIDS on Saving Behaviour in South Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Sandra Freire
The models measuring the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS are heterogeneous : each one relies on a specific theoretical background. Nevertheless, there are, at least, three main common limits to those approaches : the authors concentrate on the impact on the labour market ; they neglect the potential implications on the…
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Exporting from Manufacturing Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa: Micro Evidence for Macro Outcomes

  • Year 2004
  • Organisation Centre for the Study of African EconomiesDepartment of EconomicsUniversity of Oxford
  • Author(s) Neil Rankin, Mans Soderbom and Francis Teal
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
The poor performance of many African economies has been associated with low growth of exports in general and of manufacturing exports in particular. In this paper we draw on micro evidence of manufacturing firms in five African countries - Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania, South Africa and Nigeria - to investigate the…
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Economic Growth without Poverty Reduction: Identifying the Missing Links in Tanzania during Economic Reform

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Anders Danielson
  • Countries and Regions Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa)
Studying the relation between economic growth and income poverty reduction without taking changes in the distribution of income into consideration is like setting up Othello without Iago in the play. Without any further references to Shakespeare, this paper examines the relations between poverty levels, economic growth and changes in inequality…
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Labour Force Withdrawal of the Elderly in South Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) David Lam; Murray Leibbrandt; Vimal Ranchhod
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
This paper provides a broad overview of the labor force activity of older workers in South Africa. We begin the paper with a discussion of important features of the social and economic environment that provide a background for the analysis. Drawing on excellent microdata, we then analyze the age profile…
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Small Business Entrepreneurship in Dar es salaam - Tanzania: Exploring Problems and Prospects for Future Development

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Rashid M. Mfaume and Wilhelm Leonard
  • Countries and Regions Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa)
Small Business Entrepreneurship haves been seen as a hub in generating income for the majority of urban dwellers with no formal paid employment. In Tanzania, entry into small business entrepreneurship is usually not seen as a problem. One can start small business at any time and in any place. However,…
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Agricultural Sector Investment and the Role of Public-Private Partnership

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) David J Spielman
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Agricultural research and development (R&D) is critical to the improvement of incomes and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. However, several studies on agricultural R&D suggest that many countries in the region are unable to bring public and private sector assets and resources together as a means of advancing agricultural R&D. This…
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Macro-Micro Linkages in Trade: Does Trade Liberalization Lead to Improved Productivity in South African Manufacturing Firms

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Imraan Valodia and Myriam Velia
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
We begin by presenting an overview of manufacturing in the Durban area and report on the GDMA survey, highlighting the methodology and key objectives and findings of the survey. We then focus on the international trade issues, reporting on how firms in the GDMA are responding to trade liberalisation. We…
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Industrial Strategy and Local Economic Development: Manufacturing Policy and Technological Capabilities in Ekurhuleni

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Thandi Phele; Simon Roberts; Ian Steuart
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
This paper examines the impact of national developments and policies on the development of industry in Ekurhuleni. It assesses role of local government in industrial development in light of recent literature addressing agglomeration effects, industrial districts, and the development of local economic competencies and institutions. The analysis draws on recent…
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Prospects and Challenges of Agricultural Technology Market Linkage under Liberalization in Ghana: Evidence from a Micro-Data

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Tsegaye Yilma Dessalegn;Ernst Berg; Thomas Berger
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
There is a general consensus that bad economic policies, among other factors, are to blame for the poor performance of economies in sub Saharan African (SSA). However, there is no similar consensus on the effect of economic reforms on poverty alleviation, a primary goal of any economy in the region.…
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Analysis of Farmers' Preferences for Development Intervention Programs: A Case Study of Subsistence Farmers from Eastern Ethopia

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Wagayehu Bekele
  • Countries and Regions Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa)
The aim of this paper is to better understand farmers' perception of the relevance of different development intervention programs. Farmers' subjective ranking of agricultural problems and their preference for development intervention are elicited using a stated preference method. The factors influencing these preferences are determined using a random utility model.…
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Institutional Framework, Interest Rate Policy and the Nigerian Manufacturing Sub-sector

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Babasanmi Babatope-Obasa; Michael Adebayo Adebiyi
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
In this study, we set out to empirically investigate the impact of interest rates and other macroeconomic factors on manufacturing performance in Nigeria using co-integration and an error correction mechanism (ECM) technique with annual time series covering the period between 1970 and 2002. Some statistical tools are employed to explore…
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Labour Migration and Households: a Reconsideration of the Effects of the Social Pension on Labour Supply in South Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Dorrit Posel; James Fairburn; Frances Lund
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
This paper re-examines the effect of the South African social pension on the labour supply of working-age adults using data from 1993. We take account of the fact that households may include non-resident members, and therefore that the pension may play a role in facilitating migration to work or look…
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Alleviating Rural Poverty through Efficient Small Holders Farming Systems in Ethopia: Relevance of Macro Policies

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) DK Grover; Anteneh Temesgen
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Ethiopia is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. The country had a real per capita GDP of less than US $100 in 1995, and over 60 per cent of its population lives in absolute poverty. The problem of rural poverty and underdeveloped agriculture are closely…
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Multilateral Organisations: Instruments for Donors' Foreign Policy?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Espen Villanger
"The United States has played a leading role in shaping the World Bank's agenda, and Bank projects often support U.S. foreign policy goals. For example, the Bank is providing resources to assist in the transition of central Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union from communist to market-basedsystems.…
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Two Million Net New Jobs': A Reconsideration of the Rise in Employment in South Africa, 1995 2003

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Daniela Casale; Colette Muller; Dorrit Posel
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In this paper we investigate labour market trends in South Africa between October 1995 and March 2003. In particular, we evaluate the South African government's claim that over this period, the economy created two million net new jobs. Using the same household survey data as that used to generate official…
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Infrastructure Privatisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Afeikhena Jerome
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Despite the perceived role of efficient infrastructure as critical element for economic growth, poverty reduction and the attainment of the millennium development goals, there is clear evidence that the provision of infrastructure in Africa has been much below standard in terms of quantity and quality. Over the past decade, there…
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The Post-Apartheid South African Labour Market

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Morne Oosthuizen; Haroon Bhorat
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Since 1994, the South African economy has undergone significant changes with the government implementing various policies aimed at redressing the injustices of the past, fleshing out the welfare system and improving competitiveness as South Africa becomes increasingly integrated into the global economy. These policies have, directly or indirectly, impacted on…
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Estimating Utility Consistent Poverty Lines

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Channing Arndt; Kenneth Simler
  • Countries and Regions Mozambique
The "Cost of Basic Needs" (CBN) approach to drawing consumption based poverty lines is widely applied and lays credible claim to being the best practice for estimating poverty measures. Unfortunately, a growing mass of evidence indicates that poverty estimates obtained under the CBN approach are often demonstrably utility inconsistent. Here,…
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Has the New Zealand/Australian Closer Economic Relationship (CER) been Trade Widening or Deepening?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Ron Sandrey; Dirk van Seventer
This study finds that export trade widened rather than deepened as a result of the CER trade agreement with Australia. Trade has expanded in those products that were not heavily traded prior to the agreement as opposed to an expansion of traditional-exports that were traded at the start of the…
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Food Security, Agricultural Technology and Policy - The Case of Maize in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Goran Djurfeldt; Rolf Larsson
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper deals with the importance of agricultural policy and technology for farmers' food security and market integration. We draw on data recently collected in interviews with over 3000 farmers in eight sub-Saharan African countries.2 The results indicate that the food production among African smallholders is highly responsive to increased…
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Swaziland: In the Pursuit of Economic Liberalization and Growth. How Poverty is Reproduced at the Micro-level

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Gabriel Tati
  • Countries and Regions Swaziland
Why is poverty so pervasive in Swaziland despite substantial economic growth achieved through extreme economic openness over several years? Is poverty alleviation in Swaziland a more reachable goal than was in the past, as this country strives to restore rapid economic growth through AGOA facilitating greater insertion into the global…
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