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Research Archive (910)

Labour Migration and Households: a Reconsideration of the Effects of the Social Pension on Labour Supply in South Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Dorrit Posel; James Fairburn; Frances Lund
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
This paper re-examines the effect of the South African social pension on the labour supply of working-age adults using data from 1993. We take account of the fact that households may include non-resident members, and therefore that the pension may play a role in facilitating migration to work or look…
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Multilateral Organisations: Instruments for Donors' Foreign Policy?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Espen Villanger
"The United States has played a leading role in shaping the World Bank's agenda, and Bank projects often support U.S. foreign policy goals. For example, the Bank is providing resources to assist in the transition of central Europe and the countries of the former Soviet Union from communist to market-basedsystems.…
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Two Million Net New Jobs': A Reconsideration of the Rise in Employment in South Africa, 1995 2003

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Daniela Casale; Colette Muller; Dorrit Posel
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In this paper we investigate labour market trends in South Africa between October 1995 and March 2003. In particular, we evaluate the South African government's claim that over this period, the economy created two million net new jobs. Using the same household survey data as that used to generate official…
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Infrastructure Privatisation and Poverty Reduction in Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Afeikhena Jerome
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Despite the perceived role of efficient infrastructure as critical element for economic growth, poverty reduction and the attainment of the millennium development goals, there is clear evidence that the provision of infrastructure in Africa has been much below standard in terms of quantity and quality. Over the past decade, there…
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The Post-Apartheid South African Labour Market

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Morne Oosthuizen; Haroon Bhorat
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Since 1994, the South African economy has undergone significant changes with the government implementing various policies aimed at redressing the injustices of the past, fleshing out the welfare system and improving competitiveness as South Africa becomes increasingly integrated into the global economy. These policies have, directly or indirectly, impacted on…
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Estimating Utility Consistent Poverty Lines

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Channing Arndt; Kenneth Simler
  • Countries and Regions Mozambique
The "Cost of Basic Needs" (CBN) approach to drawing consumption based poverty lines is widely applied and lays credible claim to being the best practice for estimating poverty measures. Unfortunately, a growing mass of evidence indicates that poverty estimates obtained under the CBN approach are often demonstrably utility inconsistent. Here,…
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Has the New Zealand/Australian Closer Economic Relationship (CER) been Trade Widening or Deepening?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Ron Sandrey; Dirk van Seventer
This study finds that export trade widened rather than deepened as a result of the CER trade agreement with Australia. Trade has expanded in those products that were not heavily traded prior to the agreement as opposed to an expansion of traditional-exports that were traded at the start of the…
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Food Security, Agricultural Technology and Policy - The Case of Maize in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Goran Djurfeldt; Rolf Larsson
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper deals with the importance of agricultural policy and technology for farmers' food security and market integration. We draw on data recently collected in interviews with over 3000 farmers in eight sub-Saharan African countries.2 The results indicate that the food production among African smallholders is highly responsive to increased…
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Swaziland: In the Pursuit of Economic Liberalization and Growth. How Poverty is Reproduced at the Micro-level

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Gabriel Tati
  • Countries and Regions Swaziland
Why is poverty so pervasive in Swaziland despite substantial economic growth achieved through extreme economic openness over several years? Is poverty alleviation in Swaziland a more reachable goal than was in the past, as this country strives to restore rapid economic growth through AGOA facilitating greater insertion into the global…
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The Conjuncture of Poverty Microsimulation Linked to a Macroeconomic Forecasting Model: A Case Study in Senegal

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Thierry Latreille
Poverty reduction policies have become the main guidelines of economic policies in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore the authorities need new social indicators in order to follow the application and the effectiveness of their policies. In recent years renewed efforts have been made to develop new policy tools aimed at…
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The Global Market Place: How far can Nigeria go with the Present Non-Oil Product Mix?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Rosemary N. Okoh
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper is an empirical analysis of the demand for Nigeria's non-oil export merchandise with a view to providing an answer to the question of how far the present product mix would go in the global market. The study employed the Johansen's test of co-integration and analysis of structural characteristics…
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South African Trade Reform since Democracy

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Rashad Cassim; Dirk van Seventer
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
As part of a wider investigation by the National Institute for Economic Policy, covering a range of economic policy issues, the main aim of this paper is to provide another view of how trade policy has evolved since democracy. We use standard quantities measures of trade policy analysis as an…
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Youth Labour Markets in Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Cecil Mlatshni; Murray Leibbrandt
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper makes use of a review of the literature on African labour markets, the international literature on youth and the labour market and a fifteen country African data set to analyze the current situation of youth in sub-Saharan labour markets.
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The Demand for Education for Orphans in Zimbabwe

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Craig Gundersen; Thomas Kelly; Kyle Jemison
  • Countries and Regions Zimbabwe
We examine the effect of orphan status on school enrolment in Zimbabwe, a country strongly impacted by the HIV/AIDS pandemic with a rapidly growing population of orphans. Using data from 2003, after controlling for other determinants of enrolment we find that orphans are less likely to attend school than non-orphans.…
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The Mystery of South Africa's Ghost Workers in 1996: Measurement and Mismeasurement in the Manufacturing Census...

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Martin Wittenberg
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
Absences can be as telling as presences, as Sherlock Holmes reminds us. Some times, however, it is difficult to know whether one is really dealing with an absence or not. In the case of South African labour economics some absences have attracted attention: the surprisingly small size of the informal…
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Geography as Destiny: Considering the Spatial Dimensions of Poverty and Deprivation in South Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Ronelle Burger; Servaas van der Berg; Sarel van der Walt; Derek Yu
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
The persistence of geographical inequalities is an intriguing puzzle. Many explanations have been offered for why specific geographies flourish while other regions deteriorate.Some have highlighted the impact of natural constraints, like the limited availability of arable land,distance from the sea and the prevalence of disease. Others have stressed the importance…
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The Dynamics of Job Search and the Microfoundations of Unemployment: Evidence from Duncan village

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) David Fryer
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
There is significant consensus that unemployment and more generally, exclusion from the labour market,is the central socio-economic problem in South Africa. Joblessness is strongly implicated in such socio-economic problems as crime, poverty, alcoholism, HIV-AIDS, and even poor educational outcomes and low skill levels (see for example Bhorat etal.2001; Fryer and…
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Genocide and Land Scarcity: Can Rwandan Rural Households Manage?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Marijke Verpoorten; Lode Berlage
During the nineties Rwandan households faced severe shocks of war and genocide. In addition, the structural problem of land scarcity remains unsolved. How did Rwandan households manage? This is an important question from a development perspective, but also from a security perspective, because uneven development raises the risk of renewed…
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Implications of Genetically Modified Food

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Kym Anderson; Lee Ann Jackson
The first generation of genetically modified (GM) crop varieties sought to increase farmer profitability through cost reductions or higher yields. The next generation of GM food research is focusing also on breeding for attributes of interest to consumers, beginning with 'golden rice', which has been genetically engineered to contain a…
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Have Minimum Wages Benefited South Africa's Domestic Service Workers?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Tom Hertz
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In September of 2002 South Africa's roughly one million domestic workers - about 840,000 predominantly African and Coloured women who work as housekeepers, cooks and nannies, and another 180,000 men who work primarily as gardeners - were granted formal labor market protection, including the right to a written contract with…
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Well-Being Poverty versus Income Poverty and Capabilities Poverty in South Africa?

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Geeta Kingdon; John Knight
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
The conventional approach of economists to the measurement of poverty in poor countries is to use measures of income or consumption. This has been challenged by those who favour broader criteria for poverty and its avoidance. These include the fulfilment of 'basic needs', the 'capabilities' to be and to do…
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Trade Liberalisation and Factor Returns in South Africa, 1988-2002.

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Lawrence Edwards; Duncan Pieterse
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
This paper estimates the impact of trade liberalisation on factor returns in South Africa between 1988 and 2002. A particular contribution of the paper is that tariff data are explicitly used in the analysis. In addition, the paper models trade-induced technological change. The paper finds that tariff liberalisation from 1988…
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Foreign Aid and Population Growth: Evidence from Africa

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Leonid Azarnert
  • Countries and Regions Southern African Development Community (SADC)
This paper investigates the relationship between foreign aid and population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a panel of African countries over the last four decades, it demonstrates the positive effect of foreign aid on fertility and population growth in this region.
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Community, Comparisons and Subjective Well-Being in a Divided Society

  • Year 2004
  • Author(s) Geeta Kingdon; John Knight
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
The paper poses six questions about the determinants of subjective well-being in South Africa. Much of the paper is concerned with the role of relative concepts. We find that comparator income - measured as average income of others in the local residential cluster - enters the household - utility function…
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Thursday, 12 February 2004

DEFINITIONS, DATA & METHODOLOGY - Annual Review of Small Business in South Africa 2004

  • Year 2004
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In literature or current economic life, the concept of 'small businesses' often covers different implicit areas of focus. The lack of clarity about what is understood as a small business can affect the reliability of research findings. Not surprisingly, since there are different concepts of businesses, there are also different…
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Published in Small Enterprise Development
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Monday, 01 December 2003

Extending Telecoms Ownership in South Africa: Policy, Performance and Future Options

  • Year 2003
  • Author(s) James Hodge
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
The reform of the telecommunications sector in the mid-1990s had as one of its areas of focus an expansion of access to telecommunications - both at the household ownership and the broader access levels. This paper examines the performance of policies around ownership and suggests alternative options for the future.…
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Published in Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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Monday, 01 December 2003

Mapping Health Services Trade in South Africa

  • Year 2003
  • Author(s) Susan Cleary; Stephen Thomas
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In South Africa, there is an increasing trend towards trading health services, both in the public and in the private health sectors, despite minimal formal liberalisation offered by South Africa under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Health services trade has been occurring in at least three of…
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Published in Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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Unemployment and AIDS: The Social-Democratic Challenge for South Africa

  • Year 2003
  • Author(s) Nicoli Nattrass
There are two major economic and social security challenges facing South Africa: addressing large-scale unemployment and the AIDS pandemic. As of 2003, an estimated 14% of all South Africans were HIV-positive, with over a thousand people dying each day of AIDS. According to the government household and labour-force surveys conducted…
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Monday, 01 December 2003

Armington Elasticities for South Africa: Long- and Short-Run Industry Level Estimates

  • Year 2003
  • Organisation TIPS
  • Author(s) Kathy Gibson
  • Countries and Regions South Africa
In economics, the effects of tariff protection and tariff reform remain a contentious, fervently debated issue.1 In South Africa, decades of high tariff protection, of which domestic manufacturing sectors primarily benefited, are being followed by a period of substantial tariff reform. To this end, endorsement by the South African government…
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Published in SADC Trade Development
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Monday, 01 December 2003

Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) Facing Exports from South and Southern Africa

  • Year 2003
  • Organisation TIPS
  • Author(s) Ron Sandrey
  • Countries and Regions South Africa, Southern African Development Community (SADC)
As international tariffs are being reduced increased attention is being given to the role of non-tariff measures in impeding trade flows. The working definition of NTMs used in this report is 'government measures other than tariffs that restrict trade flows'. This covers a range of measures from health and safety…
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Published in SADC Trade Development
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