Past Projects
Trade and Industry
Industrial policy forms the core of TIPS’s work. In this context, TIPS supports the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti), the Departmenet of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME), the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and several other departments and stakeholders with targeted studies to support policy development for industrial and trade policy as well as manufacturing growth.
TIPS undertakes research, among others, into national and regional sectors, value chains and clusters; the impact of state and private institutions on manufacturing growth and diversification; the barriers to entry to small and medium enterprise in manufacturing; the extent and nature of innovation; and the impact of manufacturing on broader economic growth and development, income distribution and job creation.
Trade research has also been an important research area of TIPS since its establishment. TIPS has looked at many different aspects of international trade, including country studies, trade policy, export development and the relationship between trade and industrial policy.
See research archive
11 June 2008
Who Benefits from SA's Bilateral Trade Agreements
Trade liberalisation is a key component of South Africa's post-Apartheid development strategy, aimed at accelerating growth and creating employment. There is evidence suggesting that multilateral reforms over the last decade have been successful. However, the government's emphasis has shifted in…
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Academic Data Access and Training
FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REGIONAL INTEGRATION ISSUES AND SADC LAW
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In 2005, the Small Enterprise Development Agency (seda) - the dti's newly established agency for supporting small business - tasked TIPS to carry out a second annual review of South Africa's small businesses as part of its mandate to support…
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Small Enterprise Development
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In 2005, the Small Enterprise Development Agency (seda) - the dti's newly established agency for supporting small business - tasked TIPS to carry out a second annual review of South Africa's small businesses as part of its mandate to support…
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Small Enterprise Development
16 November 2007
Annual Review of Small Business in South Africa 2003
The Department of Trade & Industry's (the dti's) Enterprise Development unit is tasked with developing policy and strategy for the small business sector. The objectives of government policy and strategy on enterprise development are empowerment, economic development and job creation.…
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Small Enterprise Development
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TIPS has added Economic Regulation as one of its main research areas, where we'll focus mainly on essential services (energy, telecoms, transport and water) because of their social impact and network characteristics, to ensure universal and affordable access to essential…
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Economic Regulation
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No-one can dispute that electricity is an essential input to production and economic growth in South-Africa. Eskom, a wholly state-owned utility dominates electricity generation, it supplies approximately 95% of South Africa's electricity. The Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) has been facing…
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Trade and Industry
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This document has two objectives. First, it endeavours to capture the domestic clothing sectors major market and production trends, as well as broader dynamics. Second, these foundational elements operate as a mechanism to identify current clothing sector constraints and opportunities…
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Trade and Industry
The Motor Industry Development Program (MIDP) is widely regarded as a major success of South Africa's post-apartheid trade and industrial policies. The program was introduced in 1995, has been modified and/or extended several times, and is currently scheduled to continue…
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Trade and Industry
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As tariff barriers are reduced around the world, increasing attention has been paid to non-tariff measures. Although differing definitions exist of exactly what these NTMs are, let alone how their quantitative impacts are measured, they can basically be defined as…
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Trade and Industry
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13 April 2007
Trade Information Service 2005
One of the objectives of the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) is to develop capacitiesfor improving the export performance of businesses. To do so, the dti/TISA require easily accessible practical strategic and analytical tools for identifying growing markets…
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Trade and Industry
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As international tariffs are being reduced increased attention is being given to the role of non-tariff measures in impeding trade flows. The working definition of NTMs used in this report is “government measures other than tariffs that restrict trade flows”.…
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Trade and Industry
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11 April 2007
Analysis of Trade between South Africa and the EU and a Preliminary Attempt to Examine the Impact of the EU-SA FTA on Trade
This paper evaluates bilateral trade between South Africa and the EU over the past decade, where possible up to 2003. Structure of the Report: Part A: Aspects of trade and tariff patterns Basic trade flows between South Africa and the…
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Trade and Industry
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26 February 2007
SA/EU FTA: Mid-term Review
This paper evaluates bilateral trade between South Africa and the EU over the past decade, where possible up to 2003. Structure of the Report: Part A: Aspects of trade and tariff patterns Basic trade flows between South Africa and the…
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Trade and Industry
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02 February 2007
Do free trade agreements create trade for South Africa?
This paper by Prof. Merle Holden, head of the School of Economics and Management at the University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban and Landon McMillan, an economist at TIPS, supports the view that the EU-SA FTA stimulated both imports and exports, while…
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Trade and Industry
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Prof. Simon Roberts, previously the director of Corporate Strategy and Industrial Development (CSID) at the University of the Witwatersrand and now chief economist at the Competition Commission in this paper explains the importance for industrial development of technological capability development…
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Trade and Industry
02 February 2007
Regional Integration in Southern Africa: Volume 1 - South Africa's International Trade Diplomacy
Regional integration can be a key force for sustainable development. It can promote economic growth, reduce poverty, foster social development or protect the environment. But it can also have negative economic and social impacts, especially when the domestic regulatory framework…
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Trade and Industry
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02 February 2007
Trade at a glance
Description TIPS economist Mmatlou Kalaba prepares a quarterly snapshot of South Africa's trade with particular trade blocs around the world. Abstract Graphical representation of World trade and South African Trade, at a glance
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Trade and Industry
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19 January 2007
Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
The primary objectives of the Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest) were to catalyse economic research with a sectoral focus, especially relatively under-researched service sectors, and to improve the flow of information on relevant research between the policy and academic…
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Trade and Industry
01 December 2006
The State of Trade Policy in South Africa
The South African government and the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) in particular have embarked on a policy framework to ensure that the SA economy becomes competitive. In an increasingly traded global economy, it is recognised that national…
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Trade and Industry
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01 December 2005
Working Paper 5 - 2005: Ramsey Model of Barriers to Growth and Skill-Biased Income Distribution in South Africa
This paper integrates two mechanisms of economic growth barriers to international spill-overs and skill-biased effects on the income distribution. South Africa (SA) is an interesting case study because of dramatic changes in international barriers over time and policy focus to…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2005
Working Paper 1 - 2005: The Market Disciplining Effects of Trade Liberalisation and Regional Import Penetration on Manufacturing In South Africa
Since the mid-1990s, South Africa has made considerable progress in opening ups its trade regime. In 1994 South Africa committed itself to reducing and simplifying its tariff levels and structure in accordance with it offer under the GATT Uruguay Round.…
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SADC Trade Development
Since 1994, some restructuring of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has taken place in South Africa (SA), which has included elements of corporatisation and commercialisation, as well as partial privatisation. The Government has committed itself to more reform. This is an ongoing…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
The barrier model of productivity growth suggests that individual country productivity is related to the world technology frontier disturbed by national barriers. We offer a country study of the barrier model, exploiting the dramatic changes in the linkages to the…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2005
Working Paper 7 - 2005: Models for Private Sector Engagement in the Delivery of Commuter Rail Services
Improving commuter rail service delivery is a high-priority programme of the Department of Transport (DOT). Faced with a failing business, the DOT has launched a reform programme for commuter rail, foreseeing increased public investment and possibly an extended role for…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2005
Working Paper 2 - 2005: Tourism SMMEs in South Africa: A Case for Separate Policy Development?
One of the key issues that has been raised in terms of the analysis of small enterprise (SMME) support programmes in South Africa is that often support initiatives have been in the form of 'generic' packages that overlook the specificities…
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Small Enterprise Development
The food processing sector is widely regarded as having the potential to generate economic growth, entrepreneurial opportunities and employment (FAO, 1997; CIAT, 2002; Lambert, 2001; McCormick and Atieno, 2002). In developing countries the interest in agro-processing is associated with its…
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Small Enterprise Development
In 2004, TIPS also undertook a study to document public sector support to the small enterprise sector over the last decade for the dti. The Review documents 10 years of evolution of the dti's small enterprise support programmes and its…
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Small Enterprise Development
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14 June 2005
Working Paper 8 - 2005: The Role of Provincial Governments in Supporting Small Enterprise Development
This paper considers the role of provincial governments in supporting small enterprise development. It is based on research conducted by the University of Cape Town's (UCT's) Centre of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CIE). It was sponsored by TIPS (Trade and Industrial…
01 December 2004
A Gap and Macro Decomposition Analysis for South Africa, 1993-2002
The South African government is evaluating the economy’s performance over its first decade in power. This period can be characterised by a ‘double’ liberalisation: democratisation of the political process going hand in hand with liberalisation of the economy. This paper…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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01 December 2004
Reinventing Industrial Strategy: The Role of Government Policy in Building Industrial Competitiveness
As liberalization and globalization gather pace, concern with industrial competitiveness is growing, not just in developing countries but also in mature industrial ones. But it is the former that face the most intense competitive pressures: many find that their enterprises…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2004
Working Paper 1-2004: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model for South Africa: Extending the Static IFPRI Model
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are widely used for policy-analysis in many countries. In the past a number of CGE models have been developed for South Africa, and used to assess a broad range of policy issues. However, the perceived…
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SADC Trade Development
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01 December 2004
Features and Challenges of the Post-Democratic Financial Sector
The South African financial sector, defined as the banking, insurance and securities industries, has contributed to the growth of the economy since democracy in terms of growth in assets and value added, although its provision of financial services to the…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
The current phase of globalisation, from the mid-1980s to the present, has been characterised by farreaching changes in the global trading system. There have been differential economic gains from participation in the global economy, particularly a) between developed and developing…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2004
Productivity in SA: Friend or Fiend?
Today in South Africa we are witnessing changes that are remaking the country. These changes are in the social, economic and political spheres. Under its democratic government, South Africa committed itself to the principles of free-market economy nearly a decade…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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01 December 2004
The Role for Competition Policy in Economic Development: The South African Experience
Competition policy is part of the new international orthodoxy in economic policy and, at the same time, was viewed in South Africa as a crucial element of economic transformation. This article reviews the role of competition policy in economic development…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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15 June 2004
A Strategic Assessment of the South African Motor Vehicle, Parts and Accessories sector
This strategy document endeavours to analyse the South African automotive assembly and components industry's major market and production trends and dynamics as a mechanism for identifying current industry constraints and opportunities/challenges. It is comprised of six sections. Section 1 provides…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2004
Creating Employment and Economic Wealth Through Developing the South African BPO&O sector
Business process outsourcing and offshoring (BPO&O) is a major global trend, with a significant positive impact in developing countries that have the required skills, cost advantage and infrastructure. Over the next 4-5 years, a window of opportunity exists for South…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
13 February 2004
South Africa Trade and Poverty Programme
The South Africa Trade and Poverty Programme (SATPP) provides assistance in a wide range of activities to help South Africa formulate, negotiate and implement pro-poor trade policies. It provides assistance to the private sector and civil society, as well as…
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Trade and Industry
12 February 2004
DEFINITIONS, DATA & METHODOLOGY - Annual Review of Small Business in South Africa 2004
In literature or current economic life, the concept of 'small businesses' often covers different implicit areas of focus. The lack of clarity about what is understood as a small business can affect the reliability of research findings. Not surprisingly, since…
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Small Enterprise Development
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01 December 2003
Extending Telecoms Ownership in South Africa: Policy, Performance and Future Options
The reform of the telecommunications sector in the mid-1990s had as one of its areas of focus an expansion of access to telecommunications - both at the household ownership and the broader access levels. This paper examines the performance of…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2003
Mapping Health Services Trade in South Africa
In South Africa, there is an increasing trend towards trading health services, both in the public and in the private health sectors, despite minimal formal liberalisation offered by South Africa under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Health…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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01 December 2003
Armington Elasticities for South Africa: Long- and Short-Run Industry Level Estimates
In economics, the effects of tariff protection and tariff reform remain a contentious, fervently debated issue.1 In South Africa, decades of high tariff protection, of which domestic manufacturing sectors primarily benefited, are being followed by a period of substantial tariff…
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SADC Trade Development
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As international tariffs are being reduced increased attention is being given to the role of non-tariff measures in impeding trade flows. The working definition of NTMs used in this report is 'government measures other than tariffs that restrict trade flows'.…
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SADC Trade Development
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01 December 2003
Evaluating the General Equilibrium Effects of a Wage Subsidy Scheme for South Africa
The unemployment rate among semi- and unskilled workers in South Africa is over 50%. This high rate can be attributed to various factors, including political decisions of the past, educational inequalities, and poor economic growth. These factors have contributed to…
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Small Enterprise Development
This paper discusses changes in the regulation of citrus exports from South Africa. It traces the changes from state regulation of the citrus chain to very recent forms of private regulation in the context of highly competitive global markets. The…
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SADC Trade Development
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This paper investigates South Africa's saving-investment behaviour between 1962 and 2001. The results show that due to the unlimited nature of net capital inflows (foreign debt) from 1962 to 1976, saving and investment were not bound by a long-run solvency…
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SADC Trade Development
01 December 2003
Trade Policy Development in a Coherent Macroeconomic Framework
The overriding objectives of the Nepad programme are economic growth and sustainable development. If it is accepted that trade contributes positively to these objectives, the next question that arises is how to improve African countries' export performance. The ability to…
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SADC Trade Development
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01 December 2003
Winners and Losers in Prospect and Retrospect a Policy Agenda on Trade, Employment and Poverty in Southern Africa
The first section sketches the well-known argument that there is a potential clash between trade policy reform, employment creation and poverty alleviation in the context of economic integration in Southern Africa. The argument is developed in the wider context of…
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Small Enterprise Development
15 June 2003
Bilateral Trade Between South Africa and Brazil
In this short report we examine South African trade with Brazil for decade up to 2001. First we look at the absolute values, trends, patterns at the aggregate level and somehow disaggregated level of 22 commodities clusters. The aim of…
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SADC Trade Development
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South Africa has experienced significant liberalisation during the 1990s on the political as well as economic front. Starting with the first democratic elections in 1994, the economy has undergone liberalisation of internal and external financial markets, labour markets and trade…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
Telecommunications services are an important focus for most industrial countries in the current round of trade talks in services. Initial negotiating positions and country requests by these industrial countries all call for full liberalisation of the sector. SADC countries have…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2003
Cancun Ministerial Conference ends without agreement
The Cancun Ministerial Conference ended on 14 September after Chairperson Luis Ernesto Derbez concluded that members remained entrenched on the "Singapore" issues. Shortly before 18:00 Cancun time, Mexican Trade Minister Luis Ernesto Derbez formally closed the Fifth Session of the…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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The Edge Institute Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are at the centre of several current policy debates, both nationally and internationally, ranging from music piracy and geographical indications in wine labelling to generic alternatives for patented pharmaceuticals. In order to engage…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2003
Botswana Financial Services
Botswana's financial sector is relatively small, reflecting the small size of the market and perhaps the thorough approach to licensing and supervision. The size of the sector in relation to the economy (as measured by the ratio of broad money…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2003
Botswana Telecommunications Services
The Botswana telecommunications sector is made of four major stakeholders. The Botswana Telecommunications Authority (BTA) is the sectors' regulator. The Botswana Telecommunications Corporation (BTC), a government owned company, provides fixed lines. Two private companies, Mascom Wireless and Vista Cellular provide…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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Negotiations on the liberalisation of telecommunications form an important part of service negotiations in the Doha Round. The negotiations cover all aspects of the telecoms sector, including fixed line public networks, mobile networks and the full range of value-added network…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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This report attempts to provide an overview of South Africa's industrial landscape during the 1990s, focusing on growth and sectoral shares in value-added at a detailed 46-sector level. Use is made of the TIPS South African Standardised Industry Database, which…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
Telecommunications services are an important focus for most industrial countries in the current round of trade talks in services. Initial negotiating positions and country requests by these industrial countries all call for full liberalisation of the sector. James Hodge reports…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2003
Air and Road Transport in Botswana
In this report we make an assessment of the transport sector in Botswana by analyzing policy and performance in the air and road transport sectors. The study had several other objectives among which was to identify reform needs for the…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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The international commodity market is increasingly characterized by a fall in the relative value of products mainly due to increased competition. Because of the competitive pressures in the global market place, it is not surprising that exporters from economies that…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
15 June 2003
A Development Perspective on EU Trade Policies and their Implications for Central and Eastern European Countries
This paper will begin by outlining the policy framework that informs EU trade policies and will set out a development perspective that informs the evaluation of EU trade policies. The paper then discusses the issue of adjustment in the EU…
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SADC Trade Development
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15 June 2003
An Analysis of Intra-SADC Trade
The SADC Free Trade Agreement (FTA) came into effect recently. Periodic examination of intra-SADC trade flows is an important element of monitoring the impact of the FTA.
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SADC Trade Development
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Of concern to domestic policy makers is that trade between Finland and South Africa is very much biased in favour of the former country. Set against this backdrop, Trade and Investment South Africa (TISA) of the South African Department of…
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SADC Trade Development
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15 June 2003
A Trade Performance Index for South Africa
The Trade Performance Index (TPI) is a tool developed by the International Trade Centre (ITC) for assessing and monitoring the multi-faceted dimensions of export performance and competitiveness of countries and their principal export sectors. At present, the TPI covers 184…
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SADC Trade Development
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This report attempts to provide an overview of South Africa's industrial landscape during the 1990s, with specific emphasis on growth and sectoral shares in exports at a detailed 46-sector level. If one of the objective of the policies adopted during…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
In spite of the trade liberalisation efforts that have characterised the 1990s, it is apparent that imports by the manufacturing sector have remained more or less constant in real terms, whereas imports by agricultural industries have witnessed a decline in…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
Only a handful of sectors have shown an increase in their demand for labour, amongst others, Leather Products, Plastic Products, Wood and Wood Products, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Printing and Publishing, Medical Services, Basic Chemicals and Other Chemicals and Television…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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16 January 2003
The Provincial Economic Intelligence Unit
The Provincial Economic Intelligence Unit's (PEIU's) objectives are to develop sub-national economic analysis capacity so as to inform Provincial Growth and Development Strategy processes. Western Cape Province Western Cape Provincial Treasury Provincial Economic Review & Outlook 2006 The Western Cape…
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Trade and Industry
01 January 2003
A Decomposition Of Growth Of The Real Wage Rate For South African Manufacturing By Size Class: 1972-1996
The small and medium enterprise (SME) sector in South Africa has been the focus of attention since the first democratic elections in 1994. Not only does the sector offer the opportunity to enhance entrepreneurship amongst previously disadvantaged communities in South…
Policy makers in the public sector are often faced with requests for financial and other support of investment projects and incentive schemes. Frequently, such requests are accompanied by or require economic impact analyses of some sort. Economic impact assessment of…
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
01 December 2002
The Economics Of SMMES In South Africa
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY South Africa has, since 1994, been faced with the double challenges of re-integration into global markets as a global economy, while at the same time positioning itself to realise the high expectations of its populace regarding…
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Trade and Industry
01 December 2002
SADC Rules of Origin: Impediments to Regional Integration and Global Competitiveness
The SADC Free Trade Agreement, which came into being at the beginning of 2000 is up for a mid term review during 2004. The agreement is characterised by complex and restrictive rules of origin. Using references to case studies, Frank…
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Trade and Industry
South Africa's democratic transition now lies close to a decade in the past. The transition carried with it much by way of hopes in terms of greater access by its population, not only to an improved rights environment. It was…
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Small Enterprise Development
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
The US Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), which was promulgated in October 2000, claims to “move Africans from poverty to prosperity by increasing their economic opportunities.” The Act extends Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) status for qualifying African countries…
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SADC Trade Development
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Rapid technological change has impacted on the provision of telecommunications in South Africa, as in other countries. The increasing capacity of fibre optic networks, the growing powers of computers, the growth of satellite communications and other broadband developments are major…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2002
Information Technology and Producer Services - A Source of Economic Development: The South African Case
This paper discusses one aspect of the somewhat discredited "new economy" namely the impact of information and communication technologies on the growth in volume and diversity of producer services. It provides an analysis of data on developments within transport, communications,…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2002
Debating Privatisation of Network Utilities in South Africa: Theories, Fables, Facts, Other
The government of South Africa comes across clear in enunciating its goals for the reform of public enterprises. According to the Minister of Public Enterprises, “restructuring” is the generic term taken to represent the set of strategies employed by the…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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15 June 2002
Energy Services, WTO GATS Negotiations and Energy Market Regulation and Liberalisation in South Africa
This paper is essentially a scoping exercise to explore the type of issues that might arise for South Africa in WTO energy service negotiations. The background to the current round of negotiations in energy services is explained, including the uncertainties…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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This paper assesses the economy-wide impact of implementing and financing a universal or basic income grant (BIG) in South Africa. The various financing scenarios suggested by the proponents of the grant are presented, and these are compared using an applied…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
15 June 2002
Cancun: Crisis or Catharsis?
During September 10-14, 2003, WTO members met in Cancun for a mid-term review of the Doha Round of trade negotiations, launched in November 2001. Trade ministers entered the 5th WTO Ministerial divided on agricultural and non-agricultural negotiating modalities, on whether…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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22 February 2002
SED - Small Enterprise Development
Under the Small Enterprise Development (SED) programme, TIPS conducted a number of broad-ranging, qualitative assessments of the outcomes of government's policy, strategy and initiatives in small enterprise development. See all research
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Trade and Industry
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Centre for Real Economy Study (Crest)
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01 January 2002
A Standard Computable General Equilibrium Model For South Africa
The paper reports on the construction and testing of a Standard International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) computable general equilibrium model for South Africa. A 1998 social accounting matrix (SAM) for South Africa is compiled using national accounts information and…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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01 December 2001
The SADC Textile and Garment Industries: Constraints & Opportunities. Myopia or Global Vision?
This report is the culmination of a study of the textile and garment industries in the member states of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). Based on fieldwork mostly done between October 2000 and April 2001, the project produced country…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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01 December 2001
Reform and Opportunity: The Changing Role and Patterns of Trade in South Africa and SADC
In this paper, we examine the changing role of trade in South Africa and SADC from different vantage points. We first review progress in liberalizing South Africa's trade regime, and conclude that, while signs of progress are clear, the levels…
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SADC Trade Development
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15 June 2001
Towards a Workable Rural Development Strategy
The paper puts forward a workable rural development strategy. It shows on which principles, which historical realities and which statistical facts such a strategy should be based. It looks at what the government is doing to promote rural development and…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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The reform of the financial sector has been an important component of the structural adjustment programmes pursued by developing countries, whereby reform entails reducing government involvement, freeing up financial markets, and strengtheningfinancial institutions. In Southern Africa, however, the financial systems…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
The banking sector in South Africa is highly concentrated. When there is high concentration, it is necessary to examine the effects on efficiency and prices. In this paper, we discuss the fact that there are various types of efficiency in…
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Trade & Growth Dynamics
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